word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 2091 | к- |
2 | 1875 | п- |
3 | 1254 | с- |
4 | 1144 | т- |
5 | 1126 | 1- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 462 | ко- |
2 | 342 | по- |
3 | 306 | ка- |
4 | 297 | пр- |
5 | 296 | 19- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 138 | про- |
2 | 119 | сир- |
3 | 99 | кол- |
4 | 87 | кон- |
5 | 86 | тӹн- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 74 | тӹнг- |
2 | 62 | йӹлм- |
3 | 62 | пӓшӓ- |
4 | 61 | лыды- |
5 | 53 | сирӹ- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 55 | йӹлмӹ- |
2 | 50 | лыдыш- |
3 | 48 | тӹнгӓ- |
4 | 34 | культ- |
5 | 34 | вашта- |
The tables show the most frequent letter-N-grams at the beginning of words for N=1…5. Their frequency is count without multiplicity, otherwise the stopwords would dominate the tables.
As shown in the above example (German), word prefixes are clearly visible. In the above example, ver- and ein- are prefixes, and Sch- is not. At the end of a prefix we typically have a wide variety of possible continuations. Hence a prefix of length k will be prominent in the table for N=k, but typically not in the table for N=k+1. The prominent entries Schw- and Schl- for N=4 tell us that Sch- is no prefix.
Zipf’s diagram is plotted with both axis in logarithmic scale, hence we expect nearly straight lines. The graphs look more typical for larger N. Especially for N=3 we find only a small number of trigrams resulting in a sharp decay.
For a language unknown to the reader, the data can easily be used to see whether prefixes do exist and to find the most prominent examples.
For counting, only words with a minimum character length of 10 were considered.
Because only a word list is needed, the tables above can be generated from a relatively small corpus.
For N=3:
SELECT @pos:=(@pos+1), xx.* from (SELECT @pos:=0) r, (select count(*) as cnt, concat(left(word,3),"-") FROM words WHERE w_id>100 group by left(word,3) order by cnt desc) xx limit 5;
For more insight in a language, longer lists might be useful.
Is there a need for larger N
Most frequent word endings
Most frequent letter-N-grams
Number of letter-N-Grams at word beginnings
Number of letter-N-Grams at word endings